India:

Country Guide

india - general country guide

Contents

Map

Source: CIA World Factbook

Summary Data

summary data  
Total Area (km2) 3,287,590
Land (km2) 2,973,190
Water (km2) 314,400
Population 1,147,995,898
Population Density (/km2) 386
Capital New Delhi
Religion (%) Hindu 80.5%
Muslim 13.4%
Christian 2.3%
Sikh 1.9%
Other 1.8%
Unspecified 0.1%
Time GMT +5.3
Climate Varies from tropical monsoon
in south to temperate in north.
Source: CIA World Factbook

Geography

India is located in Southern Asia and borders Pakistan to the west, China, Nepal and Bhutan to the north-east, and Bangladesh and Myanmar to the east. With a coastline of over 7000km, India is bounded by the Arabian Sea to the west, the Bay of Bengal to the east and the Indian Ocean to the south. With a vast total area of 3,287,590 square kilometres, India's terrain is hugely varied. Southern India is composed predominantly of a peninsular of upland plain, known as the Deccan Plateau, which is flanked by two coastal ranges; the Western Ghats and the Eastern Ghats. The east along the Ganges largely consists of flat to rolling plains, while in the west lies miles of desert. India's northern and north-eastern states lie partially in the Himalayan Mountains. The country has many great rivers, including the Ganges, the Brahmaputra, the Yamuna, the Godavari and the Kaveri.

Government

India is a federal republic that comprises 28 states and 7 union territories. The chief of state is currently Pratibha Patil. In the 12th presidential elections of India on 19 July 2007, Pratibha Patil received 638,116 votes and won over her nearest rival, Bhairon Singh Shekhawat.  Pratibha Patil will become the first female President of India. The Vice President Bhairon Singh Shekhawat has been in office since 19 August 2002.
The head of government is Prime Minister Manmohan Singh,  who has been in office since 22 May 2004. The next election is to be held in May 2009. Singh's administration has aimed to reduce India's fiscal deficit, extend social programs and advance the pro-industry economic policies that have helped facilitate the country's major economic expansion since 2002. The administration has also aimed to continue the peace process with Pakistan and build stronger relations with the US, China and Europe.

Language

English has the status of a subsidiary official language, but is the most important language for national, political, and commercial communication. Hindi is the official national language and primary tongue of 30% of the people. There are 14 other official languages: Bengali, Telugu, Marathi, Tamil, Urdu, Gujarati, Malayalam, Kannada, Oriya, Punjabi, Assamese, Kashmiri, Sindhi, and Sanskrit. However, the number of dialects in India is as high as 1,652.

Electricity

Usually 220 volts AC, 50Hz. Plugs can be of two types: the two round pin type or three round pins arranged in a triangle.

Passports/Visa

Passports valid for at least six months are required by all foreign visitors.

Visas 

Visas are required for all nationals from the UK,USA, Australia, Canada and the EU. (Other nationals should consult their embassies for visa requirements.) If you arrive without a visa you will be refused entry. Those who overstay their visas will be fined, prosecuted and may be detained and deported.

Tourist visas last for six months for multiple entry. Transit visas allow for stays of up to 72 hours within 15 days of issue. Business visas allow for stays of between 3-6 months, or up to two years for multiple entry.

Certain parts of India have protected or restricted status, including the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Arunachal Pradesh, Manipur, Sikkim, Port Blair, Mizoram, Nagaland and Mundgod. To visit these areas, special permits are required, or in some cases, government permission. Intent to visit a restricted region should be made clear when applying for a visa.

Passport/Visa Information

High Commission of India in the UK:

India House,

Aldwych,

London, WC2B 4NA.

Tel: (020) 7836 8484 or (020) 7632 3249/52/53 (visa enquiries).

Website: www.hcilondon.net

Opening hours: Mon-Fri 0830-1200 (visa enquiries) 0915-1730 (visa applications and collections and telephone enquiries.)

Embassy of India in the US:

Chancery: 2017 Massachusetts Avenue,

NW, Washington, DC 20008, USA.

Consulate: 2536 Massachusetts Avenue,

NW, Washington, DC 20008, USA.

Tel: (020) 939 7000 or 9806 (consular section)

Website: www.indianembassy.org

Airports and Airlines

Chhatrapati Shivaji International Airport (BOM)

  • Location: The airport is located 35km north of the city centre.
  • Contacts: International terminal: (2A/2C) - +91 22 26813000
  • Transfer between terminals: free coach service between international and domestic terminals for all passengers.
  • Transfer to the city: Taxis, local bus services and private coaches are all available, the majority available from both terminals
  • Car rental:  Available in both international terminals and from domestic terminal 1A.
  • Facilities: Food, shopping, ATMs, disabled facilities.
  • Parking: Some parking available.
  • Website: http://www.csia.in/

Chhatrapati Shivaji International Airport is the biggest airport serving India. Other main international airports are the Indira Gandhi International Airport in New Delhi, the Netaji Subhash Chandra Base International Airport in Kolkata and the Madras International Airport in Chennai.

Standard of Living

The standard of living in India is modest, but is improving, In 2007 the GDP per capita (PPP) was US$ 2,700. In 2002 25% of the population lived below the poverty line, while the National Sample Survey Organisation (NSSO) estimates that in 2004-2005, 22.15% of the population was living below the poverty line.

Living standards in India, particularly as far as health in concerned range hugely from the most basic healthcare in rural areas, to excellent medical facilities in the commercial cities.

As the Indian middle class becomes used to a higher standard of living comparable with the west, conditions should improve. India's middle class is now growing by 15-20 million people every year and by 2025 half of the population will be categorised as middle class.

Principal commercial centres and towns

India's two mega-cities, Delhi and Mumbai, set to become the world's 2nd and 3rd largest cities by 2015, are the main commercial centres. New Delhi, within the metropolis of Delhi is also the capital and main political centre.

population by city/town 2007  
Delhi 13,782,976
Mumbai 13,662,885
 Hyderabad 9,662,545
Bangalore 6,200,000
Kolkata 4,580,544
Chennai 4,430,000
Ahmedabad 3,867,336
Source: Wikipedia
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